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(1)which用于指物或替代整个句子,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。例如:
In this school, which has 24 classes, 480 students graduate each year.
这所学校有24个班,每年有480名学生毕业。
(2)that既可指人又可指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,作宾语时常可省略。that指人时常可与who或whom互换,指物时常可与which互换。例如:
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years ago.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
(3)who,whom的用法
who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。例如:
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/ whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
(4)whose的用法
whose表所属关系,既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom,且要加定冠词the。例如:
The school shop, whose(=of which the)customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生,放假时商店关门。
(5)as的用法
as作关系代词既可指人也可指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句时,一般用于such…as..., the same…as..., as…as…, so…as…结构中。例如:
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.(as作主语)
在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
It’s such a heavy stone as nobody can move.(as作宾语)
那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。
责任编辑:马嘉悦
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